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Depression and the Self: Integrating Cognitive Therapy with Self-Concept Theories

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1.  Which of the following best states the minimum DSM-5-TR symptom requirement for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?
  1. Three of nine symptoms
  2. Four of nine symptoms
  3. Five of nine symptoms
  4. Nine of nine symptoms
2.  For DSM-5-TR major depressive disorder, at least one of the five required symptoms must be:
  1. Weight loss or gain
  2. Insomnia or hypersomnia
  3. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  4. Depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
3.  The presentation reports a global lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders closest to:
  1. 2%
  2. 10%
  3. 20%
  4. 35%
4.  Long-term data show the approximate lifetime relapse probability after three or more prior depressive episodes is:
  1. 60%
  2. 75%
  3. 85%
  4. 95%
5.  A 2023 meta-analysis cited in the deck found cognitive-behavioural therapy produced an acute effect size (Hedges g) of approximately:
  1. 0.20 (small)
  2. 0.40 (medium)
  3. 0.60 (medium-to-large)
  4. 0.80 (large)
6.  Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) reduced the hazard of depressive relapse compared with treatment-as-usual by roughly what percentage?
  1. 10%
  2. 20%
  3. 30%
  4. 50%
7.  Which therapy shows symptom relief comparable to CBT in the short term but less robust evidence for relapse prevention?
  1. Humanistic/experiential therapy
  2. Short-term psychodynamic therapy
  3. Interpersonal psychotherapy
  4. Acceptance-and-commitment therapy
8.  CBT’s distinctive long-term strength lies chiefly in its ability to:
  1. Lengthen treatment duration
  2. Emphasize unconditional positive regard
  3. Reality-test maladaptive self-schema
  4. Focus exclusively on emotional expressionFocus exclusively on emotional expression
9.  Self-schema differ from other cognitive schemas mainly because they:
  1. Lack emotional elements
  2. Are processed more slowly
  3. Attract stronger attentional bias (self-reference effect)
  4. Contain fewer associative links
10.  The slide on Social Origins of the Self argues the primary function of the self-concept is to help individuals:
  1. Achieve transcendental meaning
  2. Store autobiographical memories
  3. Navigate complex social environments
  4. Regulate circadian rhythms
11.  A disorganized self-concept is described as problematic because it is:
  1. Easily forgotten under stress
  2. Self-perpetuating through biased information processing
  3. Unrelated to emotional regulation
  4. Larger than other schematic networks
12.  Aaron Beck’s early clinical work led him to conclude that depressed patients had primarily:
  1. Hyperactive behavioral systems
  2. A distorted view of reality maintained by negative beliefs
  3. Superior autobiographical memory for failures
  4. Increased physiological arousal to reward cues
13.  The presentation states that the only way to uncover hidden assumptions is by:
  1. Practicing expressive writing
  2. Rehearsing mindful breathing
  3. Challenging automatic thoughts against objective evidence (reality testing)
  4. Engaging in free association
14.  In the ABC model shown, the thought “Oh no, they’re losing interest in me” is an example of a(n):
  1. Core belief
  2. Behavioral consequence
  3. Automatic thought
  4. Physiological reaction
15.  Which type of social comparison is highlighted as increasing motivation to improve?
  1. Downward comparison
  2. Lateral comparison
  3. Cross-cultural comparison
  4. Upward comparison

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