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How Does Human Trafficking Differ From Other Crimes?

Sophie Nathenson, PhD

December 1, 2025

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Question

How does human trafficking differ from other crimes?

Answer

Psychological control is a defining feature of human trafficking, setting it apart from crimes such as smuggling and kidnapping. While smuggling typically involves consensual border crossing and kidnapping often centers on physical force for a one-time gain, human trafficking is characterized by ongoing exploitation, often for labor or commercial sex. Traffickers frequently use psychological tactics such as manipulation, false promises, and threats against victims or their loved ones to maintain control. This form of coercion can be more powerful than physical violence, as it paralyzes victims and prevents them from seeking help, even when physical escape is possible. Unlike the visible signs of abuse in other crimes, the effects of psychological control in trafficking are often hidden, making detection and intervention more challenging.

 

This Ask the Expert is an edited excerpt from the course, 'Protecting Vulnerable Populations: Human Trafficking Identification for Health Professionals, presented by Sophie Nathenson, PhD. 


sophie nathenson

Sophie Nathenson, PhD

Sophie Nathenson is a Medical Sociologist, professor, and consultant based in Portland, Oregon. She is the founder and Director of the Bachelor's of Science in Population Health Management program and faculty in the Masters of Science in Allied Health program at Oregon Tech. She is also the owner of Widespread Wellness Consulting, providing career mentorship and education for individuals and groups working on promoting social, physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing. 


Related Courses

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  'I'm always interested in this subject'   Read Reviews
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This course draws on the holistic model of mental health that includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual elements. Spirituality and religiosity are defined as they relate to mental health outcomes and coping. Research is presented on the integration of spirituality in behavioral health practice for specific conditions as well as part of a general holistic paradigm.

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