Courses on Continued Psychology may be used for continuing education for psychologists, clinical psychotherapists, behavioral analysts, and behavioral analyst assistants licensed in Kansas. The Kansas Behavioral Sciences Regulatory Board does not currently pre-approved courses but states that continuing education shall be clearly related to the enhancement of psychology practice, values, skills, and knowledge and accepts courses accredited by a professional associations. Continued Psychology is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists.
For school psychologists, please refer to your state regulatory body for information about acceptable continuing education. Meanwhile, feel free to search our library for courses that may be helpful for your professional development.
For all other professionals, please check with your state board for current requirements.
1/psychology/ceus/course/hiv-in-sociological-perspective-evidence-2341HIV in Sociological Perspective: Evidence-Based Care, Stigma, and InterventionThis course introduces the sociological factors in HIV prevalence and treatment, including stigma, structural inequality, and political influences on care. Participants will learn how these factors shape mental health outcomes and engagement in care, with a discussion on trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and evidence-based interventions to support individuals living with or at risk for HIV.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyHIV in Sociological Perspective: Evidence-Based Care, Stigma, and InterventionThis course introduces the sociological factors in HIV prevalence and treatment, including stigma, structural inequality, and political influences on care. Participants will learn how these factors shape mental health outcomes and engagement in care, with a discussion on trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and evidence-based interventions to support individuals living with or at risk for HIV.2341OnlinePT120M
ASWB ACE/2.0 Cultural Competence; CA (CAADE)/2.0; CA (CADTP)/2.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/2.0; CE Broker/2.0 Cultural Diversity, Distinct Populations, Social And Cultural Foundations, Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Sociological Factors, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, Counseling, Co-Occurring Disorders, General Substance Use Counseling, CE Broker #20-1372099; CE Hours/2.0; CT (CCB)/2.0; GA (ADACBGA)/2.0; IACET/0.2; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/2.0; MI (MCBAP)/2.0 Related; MO (MCB)/2.0; NAADAC/2.0 Counseling Services, Legal Ethical And Professional Development, Pharmacology And Physiology; NBCC CE Hours/2.0; NY-Contact Hours/2.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/2.0; OK (OBLADC)/2.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course introduces the sociological factors in HIV prevalence and treatment, including stigma, structural inequality, and political influences on care. Participants will learn how these factors shape mental health outcomes and engagement in care, with a discussion on trauma-informed, culturally responsive, and evidence-based interventions to support individuals living with or at risk for HIV.
2/psychology/ceus/course/misophonia-and-sensory-disabilities-assessment-2317Misophonia and Sensory Disabilities: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Clinical AccommodationsThis course provides a comprehensive introduction to misophonia and related sensory disabilities, which often present with higher prevalence than more widely recognized neurodevelopmental conditions. Participants will learn to identify diagnostic markers and understand the significant psychosocial impact these sensory processing challenges have on client functioning. The curriculum focuses on evidence-informed strategies for accurate recognition, clinical accommodation, and effective therapeutic engagement. Clinicians will leave equipped with the specialized knowledge necessary to support clients navigating these frequently misunderstood disorders.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyMisophonia and Sensory Disabilities: Assessment, Diagnosis, and Clinical AccommodationsThis course provides a comprehensive introduction to misophonia and related sensory disabilities, which often present with higher prevalence than more widely recognized neurodevelopmental conditions. Participants will learn to identify diagnostic markers and understand the significant psychosocial impact these sensory processing challenges have on client functioning. The curriculum focuses on evidence-informed strategies for accurate recognition, clinical accommodation, and effective therapeutic engagement. Clinicians will leave equipped with the specialized knowledge necessary to support clients navigating these frequently misunderstood disorders.2317OnlinePT60M
Presented by Jennifer Jo Brout, PsyD, LPC, Cris Edwards, MFA, CPS
Thu, Jul 23, 2026 at 3:00 pm EDT
Course: #2317Level: Introductory1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Knowledge Of Physiological Factors, CE Broker #20-1362569; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to misophonia and related sensory disabilities, which often present with higher prevalence than more widely recognized neurodevelopmental conditions. Participants will learn to identify diagnostic markers and understand the significant psychosocial impact these sensory processing challenges have on client functioning. The curriculum focuses on evidence-informed strategies for accurate recognition, clinical accommodation, and effective therapeutic engagement. Clinicians will leave equipped with the specialized knowledge necessary to support clients navigating these frequently misunderstood disorders.
3/psychology/ceus/course/structural-violence-systemic-inequality-and-2335Structural Violence: Systemic Inequality and Substance Abuse PreventionThis course invites mental health professionals to move beyond person-centered interventions and examine how policies, institutions, and social systems create both risk and opportunity. Participants will explore how structural forces influence substance use, ethical implications for treatment, and strategies for integrating a structural lens into clinical practice.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyStructural Violence: Systemic Inequality and Substance Abuse PreventionThis course invites mental health professionals to move beyond person-centered interventions and examine how policies, institutions, and social systems create both risk and opportunity. Participants will explore how structural forces influence substance use, ethical implications for treatment, and strategies for integrating a structural lens into clinical practice.2335OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Cultural Competence; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Cultural Diversity, Distinct Populations, Social And Cultural Foundations, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Sociological Factors, Knowledge Of Treatment Issues, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1386304; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 , Specific; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 , Counseling Services, Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course invites mental health professionals to move beyond person-centered interventions and examine how policies, institutions, and social systems create both risk and opportunity. Participants will explore how structural forces influence substance use, ethical implications for treatment, and strategies for integrating a structural lens into clinical practice.
4/psychology/ceus/course/capability-approach-ethics-clinical-practice-2324A Capability Approach to Ethics in Clinical PracticeThis workshop examines key concepts in the Capability Approach to ethical decision making, and how it differs from utilitarian and principle-based ethics. Participants will learn how to apply the strengths and justice-based approach to ethical issues that may arise in clinical practice.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyA Capability Approach to Ethics in Clinical PracticeThis workshop examines key concepts in the Capability Approach to ethical decision making, and how it differs from utilitarian and principle-based ethics. Participants will learn how to apply the strengths and justice-based approach to ethical issues that may arise in clinical practice.2324OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Ethics, CE Broker #20-1364559; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
This workshop examines key concepts in the Capability Approach to ethical decision making, and how it differs from utilitarian and principle-based ethics. Participants will learn how to apply the strengths and justice-based approach to ethical issues that may arise in clinical practice.
5/psychology/ceus/course/ethical-integrity-in-mental-health-2303Ethical Integrity in Mental Health: A Framework for Proactive Decision-MakingThis course emphasizes the use of structured ethical decision-making models to reduce ambiguity and strengthen clinical judgment. Participants will explore strategies for preventing ethical errors, applying a comprehensive decision-making framework, understanding the interplay between legal and ethical considerations, and effectively managing threats to confidentiality. The training highlights practical, clinically relevant applications across individual, family, couples, and group therapy contexts. Clinicians will leave with enhanced tools for navigating complex ethical challenges in diverse treatment settings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyEthical Integrity in Mental Health: A Framework for Proactive Decision-MakingThis course emphasizes the use of structured ethical decision-making models to reduce ambiguity and strengthen clinical judgment. Participants will explore strategies for preventing ethical errors, applying a comprehensive decision-making framework, understanding the interplay between legal and ethical considerations, and effectively managing threats to confidentiality. The training highlights practical, clinically relevant applications across individual, family, couples, and group therapy contexts. Clinicians will leave with enhanced tools for navigating complex ethical challenges in diverse treatment settings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.2303OnlinePT120M
ASWB ACE/2.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/2.0; CA (CADTP)/2.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/2.0; CE Broker/2.0 Ethics, CE Broker #20-1377811; CE Hours/2.0; CT (CCB)/2.0; GA (ADACBGA)/2.0; IACET/0.2; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/2.0; MI (MCBAP)/2.0 Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/2.0; NAADAC/2.0 Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/2.0; NY-Contact Hours/2.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/2.0; OK (OBLADC)/2.0 Ethics
This course emphasizes the use of structured ethical decision-making models to reduce ambiguity and strengthen clinical judgment. Participants will explore strategies for preventing ethical errors, applying a comprehensive decision-making framework, understanding the interplay between legal and ethical considerations, and effectively managing threats to confidentiality. The training highlights practical, clinically relevant applications across individual, family, couples, and group therapy contexts. Clinicians will leave with enhanced tools for navigating complex ethical challenges in diverse treatment settings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.
6/psychology/ceus/course/navigating-perimenopause-hormonal-transitions-and-2302Navigating Perimenopause: Hormonal Transitions and Mental Health ImplicationsThis course examines the neurobiological and psychological transitions associated with perimenopause, focusing on their influence on anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep architecture, and emotional regulation. Participants will analyze the complex intersection of hormonal fluctuations, psychosocial stressors, and identity shifts inherent in this developmental stage. The curriculum emphasizes enhancing clinical diagnostic accuracy, assessment protocols, and evidence-informed support strategies. Clinicians will leave equipped with a comprehensive framework to address the specialized mental health needs of clients navigating the perimenopausal transition. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyNavigating Perimenopause: Hormonal Transitions and Mental Health ImplicationsThis course examines the neurobiological and psychological transitions associated with perimenopause, focusing on their influence on anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep architecture, and emotional regulation. Participants will analyze the complex intersection of hormonal fluctuations, psychosocial stressors, and identity shifts inherent in this developmental stage. The curriculum emphasizes enhancing clinical diagnostic accuracy, assessment protocols, and evidence-informed support strategies. Clinicians will leave equipped with a comprehensive framework to address the specialized mental health needs of clients navigating the perimenopausal transition. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.2302OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Cultural Diversity, Human Growth And Development, Knowledge Of Physiological Factors, Counseling, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1365390; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course examines the neurobiological and psychological transitions associated with perimenopause, focusing on their influence on anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep architecture, and emotional regulation. Participants will analyze the complex intersection of hormonal fluctuations, psychosocial stressors, and identity shifts inherent in this developmental stage. The curriculum emphasizes enhancing clinical diagnostic accuracy, assessment protocols, and evidence-informed support strategies. Clinicians will leave equipped with a comprehensive framework to address the specialized mental health needs of clients navigating the perimenopausal transition. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.
7/psychology/ceus/course/ethics-cultural-humility-in-clinical-2359The Ethics of Cultural Humility in Clinical PracticeThis workshop provides practical insights and guidance on the ethical principle of cultural humility in clinical behavioral health practice. Participants will learn how to employ cultural curiosity and respect, person-centered cultural assessments, collaborative treatment planning, and ethical self-monitoring and assessment. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyThe Ethics of Cultural Humility in Clinical PracticeThis workshop provides practical insights and guidance on the ethical principle of cultural humility in clinical behavioral health practice. Participants will learn how to employ cultural curiosity and respect, person-centered cultural assessments, collaborative treatment planning, and ethical self-monitoring and assessment. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.2359OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Cultural Diversity, Ethics, Knowledge Of Sociological Factors, CE Broker #20-1390285; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 , Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 , Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
This workshop provides practical insights and guidance on the ethical principle of cultural humility in clinical behavioral health practice. Participants will learn how to employ cultural curiosity and respect, person-centered cultural assessments, collaborative treatment planning, and ethical self-monitoring and assessment. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.
8/psychology/ceus/course/medical-cannabis-integrated-care-patient-2347Medical Cannabis in Integrated Care: Patient-Informed Strategies for Emotional Regulation and Therapeutic DialogueThis course presents initial findings from an IRB-approved qualitative study exploring how medical cannabis patients incorporate mindfulness practices to support emotional regulation and self-awareness. The course examines patient-informed insights on intentional use, autonomy, and communication with clinicians, providing interdisciplinary professionals with practical guidance for engaging in cannabis-related conversations within integrated, holistic care settings. Emphasis is on trauma-informed, harm-reduction–focused dialogue that fosters ethical, collaborative practice across disciplines. This course reflects preliminary, evolving qualitative insights intended to inform clinical dialogue and interdisciplinary approaches and does not represent definitive or broadly applicable research findings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyMedical Cannabis in Integrated Care: Patient-Informed Strategies for Emotional Regulation and Therapeutic DialogueThis course presents initial findings from an IRB-approved qualitative study exploring how medical cannabis patients incorporate mindfulness practices to support emotional regulation and self-awareness. The course examines patient-informed insights on intentional use, autonomy, and communication with clinicians, providing interdisciplinary professionals with practical guidance for engaging in cannabis-related conversations within integrated, holistic care settings. Emphasis is on trauma-informed, harm-reduction–focused dialogue that fosters ethical, collaborative practice across disciplines. This course reflects preliminary, evolving qualitative insights intended to inform clinical dialogue and interdisciplinary approaches and does not represent definitive or broadly applicable research findings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.2347OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Alcohol And Drugs, Counseling, General Substance Use Counseling, CE Broker #20-1369044; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 , Specific; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 , Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0
This course presents initial findings from an IRB-approved qualitative study exploring how medical cannabis patients incorporate mindfulness practices to support emotional regulation and self-awareness. The course examines patient-informed insights on intentional use, autonomy, and communication with clinicians, providing interdisciplinary professionals with practical guidance for engaging in cannabis-related conversations within integrated, holistic care settings. Emphasis is on trauma-informed, harm-reduction–focused dialogue that fosters ethical, collaborative practice across disciplines. This course reflects preliminary, evolving qualitative insights intended to inform clinical dialogue and interdisciplinary approaches and does not represent definitive or broadly applicable research findings. This course was designed for an interprofessional audience.
9/psychology/ceus/course/neurodivergent-children-in-two-homes-2311Neurodivergent Children in Two Homes: Clinical, Ethical, and Systems Considerations in Co-ParentingThis course addresses the unique vulnerabilities of neurodivergent children navigating the complexities of two-home family systems. Participants will explore developmentally informed, neurodiversity-affirming interventions designed to support emotional regulation, attachment, and overall functioning within co-parenting dynamics, with a specific focus on high-conflict cases. The curriculum also provides strategies for clinicians to maintain professional boundaries, effectively avoiding triangulation and associated ethical pitfalls. This course equips practitioners with the specialized tools necessary to facilitate stability for neurodivergent youth across multiple environments.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyNeurodivergent Children in Two Homes: Clinical, Ethical, and Systems Considerations in Co-ParentingThis course addresses the unique vulnerabilities of neurodivergent children navigating the complexities of two-home family systems. Participants will explore developmentally informed, neurodiversity-affirming interventions designed to support emotional regulation, attachment, and overall functioning within co-parenting dynamics, with a specific focus on high-conflict cases. The curriculum also provides strategies for clinicians to maintain professional boundaries, effectively avoiding triangulation and associated ethical pitfalls. This course equips practitioners with the specialized tools necessary to facilitate stability for neurodivergent youth across multiple environments.2311OnlinePT120M
ASWB ACE/2.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/2.0; CA (CADTP)/2.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/2.0; CE Broker/2.0 Ethics, Counseling Theories, CE Broker #20-1362251; CE Hours/2.0; CT (CCB)/2.0; GA (ADACBGA)/2.0; IACET/0.2; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/2.0; IL EITP/2.0 2.0 Working With Families; MI (MCBAP)/2.0 Related; MO (MCB)/2.0; NAADAC/2.0 Counseling Services, Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/2.0; NY-Contact Hours/2.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/2.0; OK (OBLADC)/2.0 Ethics
This course addresses the unique vulnerabilities of neurodivergent children navigating the complexities of two-home family systems. Participants will explore developmentally informed, neurodiversity-affirming interventions designed to support emotional regulation, attachment, and overall functioning within co-parenting dynamics, with a specific focus on high-conflict cases. The curriculum also provides strategies for clinicians to maintain professional boundaries, effectively avoiding triangulation and associated ethical pitfalls. This course equips practitioners with the specialized tools necessary to facilitate stability for neurodivergent youth across multiple environments.
10/psychology/ceus/course/risk-management-approach-ethics-clinical-2349A Risk Management Approach to Ethics in Clinical PracticeThis presentation offers a risk management approach to addressing ethical issues in clinical mental health practice. Rather than focusing solely on avoiding lawsuits or licensing complaints, the presentation emphasizes ethically sound, client-centered decision-making that protects client wellbeing, respects client rights, and supports compliance with relevant ethical standards, laws, and agency policies. Participants will explore strategies for identifying, assessing, and responding to practice risks, particularly when clinicians face competing interests, conflicting obligations, or uncertainty about the best course of action. This course was developed for an interprofessional audience.auditory, textual, visual99USDSubscriptionUnlimited COURSE Access for $99/yearOnlineOnlyContinued Psychologywww.continued.com/psychologyA Risk Management Approach to Ethics in Clinical PracticeThis presentation offers a risk management approach to addressing ethical issues in clinical mental health practice. Rather than focusing solely on avoiding lawsuits or licensing complaints, the presentation emphasizes ethically sound, client-centered decision-making that protects client wellbeing, respects client rights, and supports compliance with relevant ethical standards, laws, and agency policies. Participants will explore strategies for identifying, assessing, and responding to practice risks, particularly when clinicians face competing interests, conflicting obligations, or uncertainty about the best course of action. This course was developed for an interprofessional audience.2349OnlinePT60M
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Ethics, CE Broker #20-1381126; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 , Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 , Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
This presentation offers a risk management approach to addressing ethical issues in clinical mental health practice. Rather than focusing solely on avoiding lawsuits or licensing complaints, the presentation emphasizes ethically sound, client-centered decision-making that protects client wellbeing, respects client rights, and supports compliance with relevant ethical standards, laws, and agency policies. Participants will explore strategies for identifying, assessing, and responding to practice risks, particularly when clinicians face competing interests, conflicting obligations, or uncertainty about the best course of action. This course was developed for an interprofessional audience.