State Requirement Info
184 courses found
1
/counseling/ceus/course/comprehensive-introduction-to-diagnosis-and-2229
A Comprehensive Introduction to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
This course aims to provide therapists with an introduction Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), its assessment, and its treatment. We will cover common myths related to OCD, diagnosis as per the DSM-5 TR, and OCD subtypes. Evidence-based assessments will be reviewed. Finally, two evidence based treatments for OCD, both for adults and children, will be reviewed. Attendees will have opportunities for Q&A throughout this training.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
A Comprehensive Introduction to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
This course aims to provide therapists with an introduction Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), its assessment, and its treatment. We will cover common myths related to OCD, diagnosis as per the DSM-5 TR, and OCD subtypes. Evidence-based assessments will be reviewed. Finally, two evidence based treatments for OCD, both for adults and children, will be reviewed. Attendees will have opportunities for Q&A throughout this training.
2229
Online
PT60M
A Comprehensive Introduction to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Presented by Johann D'Souza, PhD, Licensed Psychologist
Course: #2229Level: Introductory1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1342476; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IA (IBC)/1.0 Counseling Theories & Techniques; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Clinical Assessment, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course aims to provide therapists with an introduction Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), its assessment, and its treatment. We will cover common myths related to OCD, diagnosis as per the DSM-5 TR, and OCD subtypes. Evidence-based assessments will be reviewed. Finally, two evidence based treatments for OCD, both for adults and children, will be reviewed. Attendees will have opportunities for Q&A throughout this training.
2
/counseling/ceus/course/brief-intervention-referral-in-problem-2260
Brief Intervention/Referral in Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder
This course equips mental health professionals with an understanding of what constitutes problem gambling/gambling disorder, and the basic principles of a system of gambling treatment. Participants explore the importance of internal and external messaging, the delivery of the screening results, and evidence-based interventions. In addition, participants are introduced to a foundation of collaborative care strategies and learn how to effectively utilize these strategies in conjunction with the interdisciplinary care team and ancillary services.
auditory
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Brief Intervention/Referral in Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder
This course equips mental health professionals with an understanding of what constitutes problem gambling/gambling disorder, and the basic principles of a system of gambling treatment. Participants explore the importance of internal and external messaging, the delivery of the screening results, and evidence-based interventions. In addition, participants are introduced to a foundation of collaborative care strategies and learn how to effectively utilize these strategies in conjunction with the interdisciplinary care team and ancillary services.
2260
Online
PT60M
Brief Intervention/Referral in Problem Gambling and Gambling Disorder
Presented by Heather Moshier, MBA, CAADC, LSW
Course: #2260Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Diagnosis Of Substance Use Disorder, Counseling, CE Broker #20-1364891; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Self-Study; OH (OCDP)/1.0 P1, TR1, G1, G2; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course equips mental health professionals with an understanding of what constitutes problem gambling/gambling disorder, and the basic principles of a system of gambling treatment. Participants explore the importance of internal and external messaging, the delivery of the screening results, and evidence-based interventions. In addition, participants are introduced to a foundation of collaborative care strategies and learn how to effectively utilize these strategies in conjunction with the interdisciplinary care team and ancillary services.
3
/counseling/ceus/course/ethics-of-threat-assessment-2251
Ethics of Threat Assessment
This course equips mental health professionals with a principled, practical approach to evaluating risk in behavioral health settings. Participants explore core ethical principles, analyze common ethical challenges MHPs face in real-world threat assessment, and learn to apply decision-making frameworks such as, Structured Clinical Judgment (SCJ). This course blends theory, case analysis, and applied tools to strengthen ethical clarity and professional judgment.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Ethics of Threat Assessment
This course equips mental health professionals with a principled, practical approach to evaluating risk in behavioral health settings. Participants explore core ethical principles, analyze common ethical challenges MHPs face in real-world threat assessment, and learn to apply decision-making frameworks such as, Structured Clinical Judgment (SCJ). This course blends theory, case analysis, and applied tools to strengthen ethical clarity and professional judgment.
2251
Online
PT60M
Ethics of Threat Assessment
Presented by James Andrews, PhD, LCSW, LICSW, BCD, CMFSW
Course: #2251Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Ethics, CE Broker #20-1352197; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Self-Study; OH (OCDP)/1.0 PE, C9; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
This course equips mental health professionals with a principled, practical approach to evaluating risk in behavioral health settings. Participants explore core ethical principles, analyze common ethical challenges MHPs face in real-world threat assessment, and learn to apply decision-making frameworks such as, Structured Clinical Judgment (SCJ). This course blends theory, case analysis, and applied tools to strengthen ethical clarity and professional judgment.
4
/counseling/ceus/course/agnostics-and-atheists-considerations-for-2208
Agnostics and Atheists- Considerations for Grief Counseling
This course explores the unique considerations and approaches necessary for providing effective grief counseling to clients who identify as agnostic or atheist. It also emphasizes evidence-based therapeutic skills and approaches that can be used to offer empathetic, inclusive support that respects diverse worldviews while addressing grief, loss, and healing.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Agnostics and Atheists- Considerations for Grief Counseling
This course explores the unique considerations and approaches necessary for providing effective grief counseling to clients who identify as agnostic or atheist. It also emphasizes evidence-based therapeutic skills and approaches that can be used to offer empathetic, inclusive support that respects diverse worldviews while addressing grief, loss, and healing.
2208
Online
PT60M
Agnostics and Atheists- Considerations for Grief Counseling
Presented by Ashley McLimans, MS, LMHCP
Course: #2208Level: Introductory1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 General; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Sociological Factors, Counseling, CE Broker #20-1346713; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Self-Study; OH (OCDP)/1.0 CC, C1, C2; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course explores the unique considerations and approaches necessary for providing effective grief counseling to clients who identify as agnostic or atheist. It also emphasizes evidence-based therapeutic skills and approaches that can be used to offer empathetic, inclusive support that respects diverse worldviews while addressing grief, loss, and healing.
5
/counseling/ceus/course/treating-depression-and-anxiety-in-2187
Treating Depression and Anxiety in Emotionally Parentified Adults: Addressing Relational Difficulties and Reducing Shame
This course highlights the specific clinical presentation of emotionally parentified adults who experience symptoms of MDD and/or GAD. In addition, this course explores strategies to address the associated relational difficulties this population faces.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Treating Depression and Anxiety in Emotionally Parentified Adults: Addressing Relational Difficulties and Reducing Shame
This course highlights the specific clinical presentation of emotionally parentified adults who experience symptoms of MDD and/or GAD. In addition, this course explores strategies to address the associated relational difficulties this population faces.
2187
Online
PT60M
Treating Depression and Anxiety in Emotionally Parentified Adults: Addressing Relational Difficulties and Reducing Shame
Presented by Lauren Dennelly, PhD, MSW, LCSW
Course: #2187Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, Counseling, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1293939; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IA (IBC)/1.0 Special Populations; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Clinical Assessment, Treatment Plan, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course highlights the specific clinical presentation of emotionally parentified adults who experience symptoms of MDD and/or GAD. In addition, this course explores strategies to address the associated relational difficulties this population faces.
6
/counseling/ceus/course/supporting-queer-trans-clients-political-2242
Supporting Queer and Trans Clients in the Current Political Climate: Ethical Dilemmas and Interventions in Trying Times
Treating queer and trans clients, once a standard element of mental health practice, has now become deeply political. Increasing anti-LGBT legislation and rhetoric, especially targeting transgender individuals, has resulted in an uptick in comorbid psychiatric problems in LGBT clients. This course guides mental health clinicians in understanding the impact of the current political climate on LGBT clients and their families, mitigating mental health impacts, and centering in ethical standards.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Supporting Queer and Trans Clients in the Current Political Climate: Ethical Dilemmas and Interventions in Trying Times
Treating queer and trans clients, once a standard element of mental health practice, has now become deeply political. Increasing anti-LGBT legislation and rhetoric, especially targeting transgender individuals, has resulted in an uptick in comorbid psychiatric problems in LGBT clients. This course guides mental health clinicians in understanding the impact of the current political climate on LGBT clients and their families, mitigating mental health impacts, and centering in ethical standards.
2242
Online
PT60M
Supporting Queer and Trans Clients in the Current Political Climate: Ethical Dilemmas and Interventions in Trying Times
Presented by Giselle Levin, PsyD
Course: #2242Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Ethics, Cultural Diversity, Social And Cultural Foundations, Knowledge Of Sociological Factors, CE Broker #20-1336230; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related, Treatment Ethics; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Counseling Services, Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Self-Study; OH (OCDP)/1.0 PE, CC, C2, C9; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
Treating queer and trans clients, once a standard element of mental health practice, has now become deeply political. Increasing anti-LGBT legislation and rhetoric, especially targeting transgender individuals, has resulted in an uptick in comorbid psychiatric problems in LGBT clients. This course guides mental health clinicians in understanding the impact of the current political climate on LGBT clients and their families, mitigating mental health impacts, and centering in ethical standards.
7
/counseling/ceus/course/adhd-and-women-ethical-practice-2098
ADHD and Women: Ethical and Practice Implications for Clinical Providers
The number of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD continues to increase. Women juggle many life responsibilities and demands, often posing multiple daily challenges for them. Living with ADHD can impact all facets of life, including employment, finances, education, motherhood, and other relationships. In addition, for women navigating life with ADHD this can be further challenged by the presence of other co-occurring conditions. This webinar training will discuss a framework to understand the unique complexities and journeys that women with ADHD often encounter. Interventions, strategies, and resources to support women with ADHD and their loved ones will be discussed.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
ADHD and Women: Ethical and Practice Implications for Clinical Providers
The number of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD continues to increase. Women juggle many life responsibilities and demands, often posing multiple daily challenges for them. Living with ADHD can impact all facets of life, including employment, finances, education, motherhood, and other relationships. In addition, for women navigating life with ADHD this can be further challenged by the presence of other co-occurring conditions. This webinar training will discuss a framework to understand the unique complexities and journeys that women with ADHD often encounter. Interventions, strategies, and resources to support women with ADHD and their loved ones will be discussed.
2098
Online
PT60M
ADHD and Women: Ethical and Practice Implications for Clinical Providers
Presented by Christina Marsack-Topolewski, PhD, MSW, LMSW
Course: #2098Level: Introductory1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Ethics; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Ethics, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1297404; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IA (IBC)/1.0 Ethics; IACET/0.1; IL (ICB)/1.0 Counselor II, Preventionist II, CARS II, CODP I, CODP II, PCGC II, CCJP II, CRSS I, CRSS II, CPRS I, CPRS II, MAATP II, RDDP, CFPP II, CVSS II; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Clinical Assessment, Counseling Services, Legal Ethical And Professional Development; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Ethics
The number of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD continues to increase. Women juggle many life responsibilities and demands, often posing multiple daily challenges for them. Living with ADHD can impact all facets of life, including employment, finances, education, motherhood, and other relationships. In addition, for women navigating life with ADHD this can be further challenged by the presence of other co-occurring conditions. This webinar training will discuss a framework to understand the unique complexities and journeys that women with ADHD often encounter. Interventions, strategies, and resources to support women with ADHD and their loved ones will be discussed.
8
/counseling/ceus/course/assessing-treating-substance-use-disorders-2142
Assessing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in LGBT Clients
LGBT populations have unique presenting problems and treatment needs related to substance use disorders (SUD). This course identifies substance use issues commonly seen in LGBT clients, reviews DSM-5 criteria for SUDs, and addresses the intersection of co-occurring mental health disorders. Participants will learn how to assess and treat substance use disorders in an LGBT-affirming manner, incorporating best practices for culturally competent and integrated care.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Assessing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in LGBT Clients
LGBT populations have unique presenting problems and treatment needs related to substance use disorders (SUD). This course identifies substance use issues commonly seen in LGBT clients, reviews DSM-5 criteria for SUDs, and addresses the intersection of co-occurring mental health disorders. Participants will learn how to assess and treat substance use disorders in an LGBT-affirming manner, incorporating best practices for culturally competent and integrated care.
2142
Online
PT60M
Assessing and Treating Substance Use Disorders in LGBT Clients
Presented by Giselle Levin, PsyD
Course: #2142Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Cultural Diversity, Counseling Techniques, Diagnosis Of Substance Use Disorder, Knowledge Of Treatment Issues, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1316725; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IA (IBC)/1.0 Special Populations; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Specific; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Assessment, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
LGBT populations have unique presenting problems and treatment needs related to substance use disorders (SUD). This course identifies substance use issues commonly seen in LGBT clients, reviews DSM-5 criteria for SUDs, and addresses the intersection of co-occurring mental health disorders. Participants will learn how to assess and treat substance use disorders in an LGBT-affirming manner, incorporating best practices for culturally competent and integrated care.
9
/counseling/ceus/course/achieving-health-equity-in-pain-2088
Achieving Health Equity in Pain Management: What you need to know
This course explores ways to improve health equity for people who experience pain. This course explores how appropriate pain assessment and access to multimodal pain management tools can improve the quality of life for people in pain. Additionally, the course will address the intersection of substance use disorders and pain management, offering strategies to ensure effective care for this population.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Achieving Health Equity in Pain Management: What you need to know
This course explores ways to improve health equity for people who experience pain. This course explores how appropriate pain assessment and access to multimodal pain management tools can improve the quality of life for people in pain. Additionally, the course will address the intersection of substance use disorders and pain management, offering strategies to ensure effective care for this population.
2088
Online
PT60M
Achieving Health Equity in Pain Management: What you need to know
Presented by Susan Holmes-Walker, PhD, RN
Course: #2088Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Pain & Symptom Management, Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, General Substance Use Counseling, CE Broker #20-1299074; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Specific; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Clinical Assessment, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
This course explores ways to improve health equity for people who experience pain. This course explores how appropriate pain assessment and access to multimodal pain management tools can improve the quality of life for people in pain. Additionally, the course will address the intersection of substance use disorders and pain management, offering strategies to ensure effective care for this population.
10
/counseling/ceus/course/understanding-autism-and-trauma-primer-2052
Understanding Autism and Trauma: A Primer for What Behavioral Health Providers Should Know
Individuals with autism have an increased tendency to experience trauma and post-traumatic disorder compared with the general population. Dealing with trauma and its effects can be multi-faceted and devastating for those who have experienced a traumatic event or circumstance. For those with autism, experiences with trauma may be different and processing and treating trauma may also require an added layer of specialized support. This training will discuss trauma experiences, as well as trauma expressions and responses among individuals with autism. Best practices and implications for practice will be discussed.
auditory, textual, visual
99
USD
Subscription
Unlimited COURSE Access for $99/year
OnlineOnly
Continued Counseling
www.continued.com/counseling
Understanding Autism and Trauma: A Primer for What Behavioral Health Providers Should Know
Individuals with autism have an increased tendency to experience trauma and post-traumatic disorder compared with the general population. Dealing with trauma and its effects can be multi-faceted and devastating for those who have experienced a traumatic event or circumstance. For those with autism, experiences with trauma may be different and processing and treating trauma may also require an added layer of specialized support. This training will discuss trauma experiences, as well as trauma expressions and responses among individuals with autism. Best practices and implications for practice will be discussed.
2052
Online
PT60M
Understanding Autism and Trauma: A Primer for What Behavioral Health Providers Should Know
Presented by Christina Marsack-Topolewski, PhD, MSW, LMSW
Course: #2052Level: Intermediate1 Hour
ASWB ACE/1.0 Clinical; CA (CAADE)/1.0; CA (CADTP)/1.0; CA (CCAPP-EI)/1.0; CE Broker/1.0 Counseling Theories, Counseling Techniques, Knowledge Of Psychiatric Factors, Counseling, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Health Disorders, CE Broker #20-1294960; CE Hours/1.0; CT (CCB)/1.0; GA (ADACBGA)/1.0; IA (IBC)/1.0 Special Populations; IACET/0.1; IL (MFT CE Sponsor)/1.0; MI (MCBAP)/1.0 Related; MO (MCB)/1.0; NAADAC/1.0 Clinical Intake And Screening, Clinical Assessment, Counseling Services; NBCC CE Hours/1.0; NY-Contact Hours/1.0 Live Online; OK (LPC/LMFT)/1.0; OK (OBLADC)/1.0 Drug And Alcohol-specific Hours
Individuals with autism have an increased tendency to experience trauma and post-traumatic disorder compared with the general population. Dealing with trauma and its effects can be multi-faceted and devastating for those who have experienced a traumatic event or circumstance. For those with autism, experiences with trauma may be different and processing and treating trauma may also require an added layer of specialized support. This training will discuss trauma experiences, as well as trauma expressions and responses among individuals with autism. Best practices and implications for practice will be discussed.