Question
How does muscle weakness resulting from neuromuscular diseases impact the respiratory system?
Answer
Neuromuscular diseases are conditions that occur when the nerves responsible for movement are negatively affected. Respiratory failure is a common complication closely tied to neuromuscular diseases. This is a significant reason to discuss these diseases, as they often lead to challenges in respiratory function.
Multiple Sclerosis is a recognized condition that affects the brain, spinal cord, and central nervous system. It occurs when the immune system targets the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers, leading to communication problems and various issues within the body.
Muscular Dystrophy, known for causing muscle-related problems, can eventually affect the respiratory system due to muscle weakness. This raises concerns about respiratory function.
ALS is a debilitating condition that contrasts healthy and ALS-affected motor neurons through changes in cell bodies and axons. These changes lead to muscle atrophy, setting the affected neurons apart from their healthy counterparts in the spinal cord.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a hereditary disorder that damages the myelin sheath and nerves, primarily in the arms and legs. This can impair nerve and myelin sheath function and even extend to lung function.
Neuromuscular diseases focus attention on the nervous system because these diseases stem from nerve-related issues. Muscle weakness due to neuromuscular diseases can significantly affect the respiratory system. The connection becomes evident when considering the role of the diaphragm, a crucial respiratory muscle that relies on nerve impulses for stimulation. Damage to these nerves can jeopardize respiratory function.
This Ask the Expert is an edited excerpt from the course, Respiratory Management of Patients With Neuromuscular Weakness Series: Review Recommendations and Best Practice, presented by presented by Dr. Duane Reed, EdD RRT, RCP.
